Universita Ciencia

From silence to knowledge: history, challenges and transformations in the education of Mexican women

Ana Laura Enríquez Téllez — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This historical review article examines the evolution of women's education, coeducation as a means to achieve educational equality, and the current challenges women face in higher education. Its objective is to analyze the processes of change over time and propose an alternative through coeducational workshops, with the aim of promoting greater inclusion of women and improving their educational opportunities. To this end, the article traces education from the Aztec era, through the Viceroyalty, the Reform period, and the Mexican Revolution, culminating in the influence of coeducation on this process and on women's access to higher education. Based on this analysis, findings related to discrimination and the persistence of patriarchal learning structures within higher education are reported.

Constitutional interpretation as a fundamental and prior exercise in the actions of the public administration

Víctor Luis Priego López, José Carlos Espíritu Cabañas — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Mexican public administration, in general, governs its acts and procedures under strict adherence to the principle of legality, often understood as the literal observance of its regulatory norm without any room for adaptation to specific cases. This can hinder or paralyze the fulfillment of its purposes. The principles of conformity and pro persona its regulatory norm without any room for adaptation to specific cases. This can hinder or paralyze the fulfillment of its purposes. The principles of conformity and pro persona interpretation incorporated into the constitutional text serve as hermeneutical tools that currently allow the judiciary to interpret the Constitution under different conditions, in a monopolistic manner. One way to optimize the administrative function is to incorporate constitutional interpretation as a prior exercise in its work, adopting the open society of interpreters model proposed by Habermas.

Labor discrimination based on gender and ethnic origin within a collective bargaining agreement in Mexico: impact on the activation of the rapid response labor mechanism (MLRR)

César Gerardo Cantú Cepeda, Magda Gisela Cavazos Villa, Luis Gilberto Ramos Peña — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Labor discrimination based on gender or ethnic origin within Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBAs) in Mexico affects decent work conditions. The Labor Rapid Response Mechanism (RRRM), established in the USMCA (Chapter 23, Article 23.1), focuses on addressing this violation of labor rights, being activated under the guidelines of Chapter 31 and its annexes. This quantitative study, using a non-probabilistic convenience method, surveyed 66 UANL students employed in the maquiladora (manufacturing) sector or export services in Nuevo León. The objective was to analyze two key indicators of discrimination based on gender and ethnic origin, and is complemented by a literature review, statistics from official sources, and an evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of the RRM. The findings highlight how the labor exclusion of certain groups drives the activation of the mechanism.

Breaking the cycle of inequality in Latin America: public ethics and strong institutions.

Leticia Valdés Vargas, José Jorge Eufrasio — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to analyze inequalities in Latin America as a structural phenomenon from a multidimensional and ethical perspective. Inequality is not limited to income distribution; it also permeates intergenerational, gender, territorial, and educational dimensions, perpetuating systemic exclusions that restrict opportunities and collective well-being. Through a theoretical-documentary approach, the study examines both economic and non-economic causes of inequality and their implications for human development. Furthermore, it explores the potential role of public ethics and strong institutions in mitigating these disparities. The analysis draws on data from international organizations and considers the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined in the 2030 Agenda. The article concludes, economic policies putting aside, that governance based on accountability, institutional integrity, and active citizen participation is essential for building more just, inclusive, and equitable societies.

Proposed conceptual and practical framework for implementing accessibility in university classrooms

Esteban Juan Bautista Zárate Mejía — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Inclusive education is defined by a diverse set of laws, regulations, and policy provisions. As such, it is a right that must be at the disposal of children, adolescents, and adults in school. However, in order to properly exercise this right, it is essential that teachers adopt an accessibility perspective in their professional practice. For this reason, it is necessary to propose a conceptual and practical framework of accessibility for teaching in the university setting. In this regard, this essay outlines the legal frameworks and public policies that support accessibility in education. It also outlines the principles of the intersectionality approach through which teachers can identify students in vulnerable situations. Furthermore, it presents the components of the practical and conceptual framework of accessibility. It is hoped that this essay will serve as a platform for action for university teachers to adopt an accessibility perspective.

Automation of logistics processes in schools

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Through a case study conducted at a Mexican public university located in an industrial park, a technological proposal for an inbound and outbound logistics system is described. The article adopts a practical quality approach to a real-world application, diagnosing the vulnerabilities of the current process and subsequently proposing a new workflow based on the application of technological tools. The methodology included vulnerability assessment using quality tools, hardware selection, standardized ID generation, and training of security personnel, ensuring compliance with management principles aimed at reducing time.

This proposal improved inbound and outbound logistics, achieving a 90% effectiveness rate for incoming users, significantly reducing wait times at security checkpoints, and eliminating inconsistencies resulting from human intervention. It also included statistical reports for subsequent analysis.

The right to the city and collective action: a reflection on water scarcity in Xalapa

Rebeca Elizabeth Contreras López, Lily Orozco Antonio — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper analyzes the water stress crisis in Xalapa, Veracruz. It uses the theoretical framework of collective action and the right to the city. It also examines how the insufficient distribution of water resources violates fundamental human rights (such as access to water, established in Article 4 of the Mexican Constitution) and key components of the right to the city: equitable distribution, citizen participation, and sustainability. Moreover, this research shows how public space is transformed into an arena of dispute where citizens demand responses to institutional inefficiency through the registration of demonstrations, blockades, and protests documented in 2024 (carried out by groups such as Guardianes del Agua and the Antorchista movements), as well as informal surveys in affected peripheral neighborhoods (such as 10 de Mayo and Casa Blanca). It concludes that collective action emerges as an essential democratic mechanism for making the crisis visible, revealing structural flaws in municipal governance and deepening socio-territorial inequalities. It underscores the urgency of comprehensive public policies that guarantee the human right to water and implement the right to the city in Xalapa.

Superior audit and transparency

Edwin Meráz Ángeles — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

State auditing and transparency are inherently linked concepts in any democratic system that seeks to ensure the principles of legality, maximum publicity, efficiency, and accountability define the management of public affairs. While auditing assesses and verifies the collection, management, and allocation of public resources, transparency guarantees that such information is accessible and comprehensible to citizens. Their relationship is mutually dependent: auditing fosters transparency by generating detailed and reliable information on governmental actions; transparency, in turn, strengthens audit by facilitating access to relevant data and enabling informed scrutiny.

Environmental valuation in Mexico and its integration into environmental decision-making

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Environmental valuation is fundamental for natural resource management and constitutes an essential tool in the environmental impact assessments mandated by Mexican law. Nevertheless, significant limitations persist, including the absence of a standardized methodology and the frequent reliance on studies financed by project developers, which introduces a high degree of discretion. The objective of this research is to critically examine the main approaches to environmental valuation and their implications. The empirical analysis reveals that estimates based primarily on mitigation or replacement costs predominate, characterized by low methodological rigor and limited integration of biophysical and sociocultural metrics, thereby reducing the effectiveness of prevention, mitigation, and compensation measures. To address these shortcomings, an integrated methodological framework is proposed to enhance consistency and technical rigor in environmental valuation processes, ultimately contributing to more robust environmental policy decision-making.

Deforestation and livestock expansion: impacts on tree cover in Actopan, Veracruz (2000-2022)

Huerta-Toral A., Hernández-Gómez I.U., Marín-Guerrero C.M., Ellis E.A. — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Livestock farming represents one of the main economic activities in the state of Veracruz, as well as in the municipality of Actopan. However, extensive livestock practices result in deforestation. This study evaluated the impact on tree cover due to the increase in livestock land area in the municipality of Actopan from 2000 to 2022. Supervised classifications of satellite imagery were performed using the ArcMap software, generating maps of land use and land cover, and land-use change. Subsequently, the deforested areas were calculated and compared with the pastureland livestock use class. The results showed that tree cover decreased by 13%, while the livestock surface area increased by 10% during the 2000-2022 period, demonstrating a direct impact on Actopan tree cover.

Right to privacy of children and adolescent in relation to the best interests of children and protection of personal data in Mexico

Luis Miguel Pavón León, Lucero López Landa, Joel Andrés Pavón Verdejo — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Children and adolescents are recognized as having the right to privacy in Mexico. The justiciability and enforceability of the right to privacy is enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which, through the principle of the best interests of the child, protects their comprehensive development, as it allows for autonomy and the free development of personality. Regulations on the right to privacy in Mexico with respect to children and adolescents must be gradual, derived from their parenting needs, and therefore cannot be intrusive into their private lives. However, parents and educational centers must be aware of the important implications of the exposure of personal data, images, and/or videos, as these are, in most cases, what exposes children and adolescents on social networks and websites.

Psychological Well-Being in University Students with Depressive Symptoms: A Salutogenic-Cognitive Approach

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to describe psychological well-being in university students with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe levels of depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 588 undergraduate students in Mexico, assessing six dimensions of psychological well-being based on Ryff’s model: self-acceptance, positive relationships, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth, and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results showed that 43% of students had minimal or no depression, while 23% experienced severe depression. Significant differences were observed by sex, academic area, and gender identity, and depression severity was inversely related to psychological well-being levels. These findings highlight the relevance of considering depression levels when evaluating psychological well-being among university students.

Agritourism as an alternative for local development and strengthening in two regions of the state of Veracruz, Mexico

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

El objetivo de este trabajo es reconocer al Agroturismo como un medio para el desarrollo desde la base local y responde como una alternativa turística en la demanda mundial. Se plantea que pudiera ser un medio de inclusión turística que busca diversificar sus actividades económicas en lo rural. Se realizó una investigación exploratoria con un enfoque cualitativo y técnicas de análisis documental basado en los tres grandes tópicos: agroturismo, desarrollo local y turismo en el sector agrícola. Las fuentes de información se basaron en el data México de la Secretaría de Economía y de indicadores estadísticos de institutos gubernamentales de los dos lugares muestra, así como autores que reforzaron el marco teórico. A modo de conclusión se identificó la existencia de esta alternativa turística en las regiones seleccionadas, donde se observó que contribuyen a la inclusión y diversificación de las actividades que se desarrollan contribuyendo al consumo de lo local.

The right to good public administration in Europe

Ana Josefina Bello Jiménez — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Good public administration is a fundamental right, which originates in Europe and emerges as a new way to combat corruption, based on the principles inherent to good administrative procedure, but also transparency and citizen participation. Given the gradual recognition in various latitudes, it is convenient to know the European experience, as it is the most mature to date. In this sense, the objective of this research is to identify the progress of good administration at a regulatory level and in public policies in Europe, for this purpose a documentary investigation will be carried out, with emphasis on the search for information in public databases. . It is important to highlight that in terms of public policies, there is a marked emphasis on the use of information and communication technologies as tools that allow the development of the fundamental right to good public administration.

Human right to basic education for minors: private schools in Mexico

José Alfredo Gómez Reyes — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research article examines a largely overlooked issue: discrimination in certain private elementary schools in Mexico. By effectively reserving the right to admission, these schools violate the human rights of not only the children affected but also their families, since the consequences extend throughout their broader environment. The article also highlights the improper collection of enrollment and re-enrollment fees. As possible avenues for addressing these practices, it proposes fostering cultural awareness, filing formal complaints, and pursuing legal remedies through an amparo lawsuit.

A brief history of pensions in Mexico and their current problems

Yarai Morales Herrera, René Mariani Ochoa — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

However, laws and reforms have structurally affected the system. The causes are: the increase in life expectancy, informal employment, and reforms to pensions laws. In addition, structural or short term reforms fail to consider the problems of the population with limited motor skills or some type of disability. In addition, informal workers participation in contributions is limited, jeopardizing the current pension situation. It is necessary to create alternatives with a long term visión to improve public finances, increase contributions to the AFORES, and improve workers, working conditions so they can live with dignity in old age.