Universita Ciencia

Electing Judges

2026-03-07T00:28:22-06:00

The debate on the popular election of judges in Mexico, intensified by the judicial reform proposed for 2024–2025, highlights a tension between democratic ideals and the constitutional principles of judicial independence and impartiality. This essay critically examines the proposal through a hermeneutical-genealogical approach, integrating legal and political theory with the analysis of empirical indicators from the Mexican justice system between 2016 and 2025. The methodology combines doctrinal review, normative analysis, and interpretation of data on pretrial detention, public trust in judges, and perceptions of insecurity. The findings indicate that judicial suffrage does not enhance democratic legitimacy but instead introduces electoral incentives that foster punitive populism and weaken the counter-majoritarian function of the judiciary. The study concludes that the popular election of judges threatens the republican framework by subordinating justice to contingent majorities, and therefore calls for rethinking the debate from a constitutionalist and human rights–oriented perspective.

Hostile work environments: a systematic review of workplace harassment towards people with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities in Latin America

2026-04-10T03:40:27-06:00

Workplace harassment targeting individuals with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities is a persistent problem in Latin American workplaces, linked to historical structures of discrimination and social inequality. This article aims to analyze, through a systematic literature review, the available scientific output on the frequency and forms of workplace harassment, its effects on mental, physical health and documented institutional responses in the region. The methodology was based on explicit criteria for searching, selecting and analyzing empirical and theoretical studies retrieved from specialized academic databases and complementary sources. The results reveal a high prevalence of verbal and psychological harassment, practices of institutional and symbolic discrimination, and significant impacts on mental health, including chronic stress, anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, workplace consequences such as concealment of identity and demotivation were identified.

Teacher self-regulation: variables associated with this construct in normal schools in the state of Veracruz

2026-04-07T00:26:28-06:00

The objective of this article is to identify the levels of self-regulation among teachers working in teacher training institutions in the state of Veracruz, as well as some variables associated whit it. The study addresses a topic that has been little analyzed in recent literature: teacher self-regulation (TSR). The study follows a quantitative approach whit a correlational scope and design. A total of 269 teachers participated by completing an online self-report questionnaire based on a Likert-type scale. The results show higher levels of TSR in the Preparation/Planning/Activation and Results Evaluation/Reflection phases of self-regulation, as well as a statistically significant correlation between TSR and the type of institutional governance. Finally, the study highlights the importance of objectifying and making visible teachers self-regulation processes, particularly among teachers educators, in order to build a theoretical and methodological body that supports the understanding and strengthening of this important capacity.

Artificial intelligence and managerial decision-making: implications for strategic management in organizations

2026-04-10T03:43:17-06:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been incorporated into business administration to support managerial decision-making; however, recent literature agrees that its strategic value lies not in full automation, but in augmenting human judgment, which introduces governance and responsibility challenges. The objective of this study is to systematically analyze how recent literature addresses the use of AI in managerial decision-making, integrating the constructs of decision augmentation, organizational AI governance, and managerial risk and responsibility. Methodologically, it is a systematic literature review applied to articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. The results show a predominance of decision-augmentation and procedural governance approaches, as well as concerns about responsibility and human-AI decision reliance. As a contribution, the study offers an integrated managerial perspective to guide responsible organizational practices regarding AI.

Modular complementarity of data governance frameworks in digital transformation: a critical and methodological analysis

2026-05-06T00:08:11-06:00

In the digital transformation, data emerge as highly valuable strategic assets. Establishing solid governance is not simple, as it requires overcoming challenges associated with conceptual fragmentation and diverse frameworks. Nevertheless, their modular integration strengthens organizational traceability and supports strategic decision-making. This article examines the synergy by complementarity of international standards —DAMA DMBOK2, COBIT 2019, TOGAF 9.2, and DGI— complemented by the regulatory rigor of the GDPR and the LFPDPPP. Employing a qualitative approach oriented toward artifact design and a systematic literature review (PRISMA, n=24, 2014-2025), findings reveal that the teleology of integration must prioritize data reliability and robustness. Results confirm the imperative to develop a methodological instrument balancing theory and practice, contextualized to Mexico, explicitly incorporating security, risk management, and regulatory compliance.

Sexual self-esteem and attitudes toward condom use in people living with HIV in Villavicencio, Colombia

2026-05-05T01:24:38-06:00

The aim of this study was to describe sexual self-esteem and attitudes toward condom use among people living with HIV in Villavicencio, Colombia. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive design was used with a sample of 150 participants selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Sexuality Scale, and the Multidimensional Condom Attitudes Scale were administered. Results showed relatively low levels of sexual self-esteem and high scores in sexual depression and sexual preoccupation. In contrast, attitudes toward condom use ranged from intermediate to favorable levels, although variability was observed across dimensions, particularly in negotiation. It is concluded that sexual health in people living with HIV should be addressed from a comprehensive perspective that includes emotional, relational, and preventive components.

Labor inclusion of people with disabilities in Mexico: organizational impact and tax incentives

2026-05-04T22:56:58-06:00

This study analyzes the workplace inclusion of people with disabilities in Mexico, highlighting its organizational and fiscal impact as a business sustainability strategy. The research was conducted using a qualitative and documentary approach, based on normative sources, institutional reports, specialized literature, and experiences of companies with inclusive practices. The results show that, although structural, social, and attitudinal barriers persist, there is growth in the adoption of workplace inclusion policies, reflected in the increase of companies with certifications and official distinctions. Likewise, fiscal incentives that promote inclusion are identified, such as the 100% tax deduction of wages paid to workers with disabilities and investments in accessible infrastructure. This positions inclusion as a dual-impact strategy, both social and economic. However, inequalities and uneven implementation of policies across sectors remain. It is concluded that workplace inclusion should be assumed as an ethical, social, and fiscal commitment that strengthens business competitiveness.

Sustainable Marketing Management for Gen Z Consumers: A Gender Focus in Mexico/Chile

2026-06-09T01:35:22-06:00

Consumption has led to the depletion of natural resources, demanding a shift in focus in sustainable marketing to attract Generation Z. The objective of this study is to analyze how sustainable marketing management affects Gen Z consumers from a gender perspective in Mexico and Chile. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and explanatory methodology with a quasi-experimental design was employed. A total of 861 surveys were conducted (Mexico and Chile), with reliability assessed using Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, and linear regression. The findings reveal that the social dimension has the greatest impact on purchase intentions for both genders and countries. Secondly, women show a greater inclination towards the environmental dimension, while men are more influenced by the economic dimension. In conclusion, gender and culture drive sustainable motivations; therefore, it is recommended that marketing messages differentiate themselves in these two aspects and focus on both social and environmental factors.Keywords: Management, Sustainable Marketing, Consumer Behavior, and Generation Z.

Transparency in Veracruz: challenges in the dissemination of municipal financial information (2024)

2026-06-20T12:56:57-06:00

Public entities have the obligation to make their information transparent through the public account, which allows the population to exercise their right to access information, by knowing how public resources are being used. The study was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive-comparative approach. In order to convey a general overview regarding the dissemination of accounting and budget information of the municipalities belonging to the state of Veracruz, a comparative investigation was developed, carrying out an analysis on the official transparency pages of the municipalities, where the level of compliance in the publication of their public accounts was verified, where it is concluded that, despite the advances in the field of accounting harmonization and transparency, there are still municipalities with deficiencies or non-compliance in the dissemination of their information, hindering accountability. The average compliance in the dissemination of the public account was 41.35%, with a downward trend throughout the fiscal year.

Multispecies best interests: equal materhood and fatherhood in companion animals, contemporary legal challenges in Mexico

2026-07-06T13:25:11-06:00

This research focuses on analyzing multi-species families from the perspectives of family law and social security, taking into account Mexican and international case law on this topic. The research is groundbreaking in establishing several novel proposals at the legislative and judicial levels, centered on four main areas: 1) equating companion animals to a category equivalent to non-school-age children, 2) a progressive interpretation of the concept of multi-species family, 3) expanding the public health insurance program to include non-human children, and 4) proposals regarding inheritance rights for members of multi-species families. This analysis, based on data collection, analysis, and synthesis, allows for an examination of legal provisions in light of human rights principles, in order to understand the relevance of implementing legal mechanisms of a welfare nature derived from family and social law.

Municipal Fiscal Autonomy and Property Tax Revenue: Empirical Evidence from Río Blanco, Veracruz (2022–2025)

2026-06-29T11:38:02-06:00

This article describes the behavior of property tax collection in the municipality of Río Blanco, Ver., for the period 2022-2025. The objective is to determine the proportion it represents with respect to own revenues and those coming from federal fiscal coordination, as well as the degree of financial autonomy. The quantitative, non-experimental longitudinal method is used, based on indicators of property tax, revenues, rates, growth, arrears, and per capita property tax. The data used are the report of Federal Contributions and Participations from SEFIPLAN, ASF reports, population and housing statistics from INEGI, and internal municipal reports. The results show that the participation of the property tax in the management of own revenues is subject to a centralized structure at the federal level within the framework of SNCF and based on the theories of fiscal federalism, fiscal decentralization, and autonomy. A cross-sectional comparative analysis of 2024 is carried out with other municipalities and similar research. Based on a time series analysis, the behavior of revenue collection during the period is demonstrated. Finally, we show that the administrative factor did not inhibit property tax collection, and the results are consistent with the national average.

AI and public integrity: algorithmic transparency and data protection in the fight against corruption

2026-07-08T15:45:10-06:00

This essay addresses the question of how to ensure that the use of artificial intelligence in anti-corruption policies strengthens public integrity without undermining the principles of transparency and personal data protection that structure the constitutional rule of law. Based on a qualitative, analytical-normative, and functionally comparative methodology, it examines risks such as algorithmic opacity, the displacement of responsibility, and potential impacts on human rights, particularly regarding personal data protection. The analysis argues that automation does not eliminate discretion but rather reconfigures it in technical stages such as data acquisition, variable formulation, business-rule specification, and extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) processes. As a result, it proposes a model of “AI with institutional integrity” based on express public purpose, verifiable transparency, algorithmic auditing, strict data governance, and non-delegable human responsibility. It concludes that artificial intelligence can only legitimately contribute to the fight against corruption if it is subject to enhanced standards of explainability, democratic oversight, data protection, and differentiated institutional supervision.

Impact of remittances on access to financial services: a case study of Hueyapan de Ocampo, Veracruz

2026-07-20T09:23:24-06:00

This study analyzes the impact of remittances on access to financial services and their relationship with the financial inclusion of households in Hueyapan de Ocampo, Veracruz, through a comparison between remittance-receiving and non-remittance-receiving households. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data and a Logistic Regression (Logit) model, in which financial inclusion was defined as a binary dependent variable. The findings indicate that the dimensions of access to and use of financial services have positive and statistically significant effects on the probability of financial inclusion. Likewise, consumer protection shows a positive and significant relationship, highlighting the importance of trust and security in the use of formal financial services. In contrast, the remittances variable was not statistically significant in the estimated model, providing insufficient evidence to support a direct effect on the financial inclusion of the analyzed households. Nevertheless, remittances may serve as a complementary mechanism by increasing the availability of financial resources and creating conditions that encourage some households to engage with formal financial services. Overall, the results suggest that financial inclusion in Hueyapan de Ocampo depends primarily on effective access to financial services, their use, and institutional trust rather than on remittance receipt alone.

Droughts and their impact on the agricultural sector of the state of Veracruz: an analysis of data transparency

2026-07-09T09:15:15-06:00

The global climate, due to the pressure of anthropogenic activities, has been under strain in recent decades, which in turn has generated meteorological anomalies such as drought. This research reviews recent studies analyzing the evolution of drought in the state of Veracruz and its regions, determining the economic effects and impacts of this hydrometeorological phenomenon on the state's agricultural production. It also examines which open data sources were used in the research and the relationship between open data transparency and government responses in the form of agricultural support programs. The study highlights how managing droughts and agricultural losses requires transparent information systems to strengthen climate resilience.

business plan; sustainable Business plan with sustainable innovation for a private dental office in Xalapa. Veracruz

2026-07-23T16:06:17-06:00

This study developed a business plan grounded in sustainable innovation strategies aimed at optimising both the administrative and commercial management of a private dental clinic in Xalapa, Veracruz, while simultaneously ensuring long-term profitability and strict adherence to biosafety protocols. A mixed-methods approach with a non experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 10 dental practitioners and 16 patients, recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires (1–5) structured across three analytical dimensions: cognitive, procedural, and attitudinal. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, whereas qualitative data underwent methodological triangulation to enhance interpretive rigour. Biosafety protocol compliance emerged as the most robustly consolidated technical strength of the practice (x̄ = 4.37/5.0); conversely, the attitudinal dimension among staff — most notably the absence of structured dental service packages — represented the area of greatest strategic opportunity (x̄ = 2.4/5.0). The entirety of the patient cohort (100%) expressed willingness to absorb a 5% price premium in exchange for environmentally sustainable service delivery, while 83% indicated that a demonstrable environmental commitment would increase their likelihood of recommending the practice. The integration of a Canvas business model with 4R sustainability principles and the digitalisation of core operational processes positions the practice favourably within a highly saturated market (42.5 dental offices per 100,000 inhabitants), thereby substantiating the central hypothesis that the strategic adoption of sustainable innovation enhances institutional profitability without compromising biosafety standards.